In 1987, while delivering a keynote on data abstractions and hierarchies, Barbara Liskov introduced the idea that would eventually become the Liskov substitution principle. The following is a modern (and very formal) description of the principle:
Let Φ(x) be a property provable about objects x of type T. Then
Code reviews are one of those things that you either really love or really hate.
When done well, they can dramatically increase the quality of your code and teach you lots of important practices. Poorly done reviews, on the other hand, can make you dread every time you try to
The Open Closed Principle is responsible for the 'O' of the S.O.L.I.D principles. Originally coined by Bertrand Meyer, it states that:
Software entities (classes, modules, functions, ...) should be open for extension but closed for modification
It seems like an incredibly simple principle, but it's behind most
All professions have occupational hazards and risks, and software development is no exception. While it's true that we rarely have to deal with man-eating sharks or explosions, ignoring some of our profession's challenges can lead to lots of trouble.
The good news is that most of our problems are the
Modules are incredibly flexible and powerful constructs that help you organize your code in a more... modular way. They let you package related functionality in a cohesive unit you can use to extend the behavior of objects and classes.
This article includes code samples (the link is in the